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When to Use Avoir as an Auxiliary Instead of Être

The two examples above are in the passé composé. In compound verb tenses, both verbs come before the main verb (or the participle) and conjugate directly with the subject: These two verbs also have very specific functions of their own outside of their auxiliary use, a few of which we’ll touch on later as well. Because of this, there are situations where être must be used and others where avoir must be used, and no mixing is allowed.įor example, while both verbs are used as auxiliaries for compound verb tenses such as the passé composé, the rules for which one must be used are very rigid. Avoir: When Should Each Be Used as an Auxiliary?Īs previously stated, while these two verbs are very common, they have specific, rule-based usage outside of their standard “to be” and “to have” meanings.

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Now, take a look below at how to create the passé composé for all the other French verbs using these two verbs as auxiliaries.

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This is all a lot to memorize, so keep in mind that what will really cement these conjugations in your mind is practice, and the best way to get authentic practice is with FluentU.įluentU takes authentic videosreal-world videos-like music videos, movie trailers, news and inspiring talks-and turns them into personalized language learning lessons. The irregular past participles été (être) and eu (avoir) are used in the passé composé (past perfect), and both verbs take avoir as an auxiliary verb for compound tenses. There are also special conjugations for these two verbs in the subjunctive. Note that the same stems for the futur simple are used for the French conditional moods.

While these aren’t all the verb tenses, these are pretty common ones. Now let’s check out the conjugations of avoir in the present, imperfect with the stem av- and the future with the stem aur-: Ils/elles seront (they will be) How to Conjugate Avoir These are its conjugations in the present tense:Īnd the simple future, with the stem ser- : But once you know the present tense and the stems, they’re fairly simple to conjugate in l’ imparfait (imperfect past) and le futur simple (simple future). Unfortunately for learners, these two verbs are pretty irregular. But before we get into that, let’s be practical and confront conjugation. Être and avoir’s roles as auxiliaries will be the primary focus of this post. Primarily, when used in conjunction with other “main” verbs, these two verbs are called “auxiliaries” and they create French’s many compound tenses. In addition to already being very common verbs in the French language, these two verbs have very distinct functions outside of their simple meanings. However, these two verbs are much more complex than that, and their relationship to other verbs and each other is an interesting one. If you haven’t realized it yet, these two verbs are not only perhaps the most commonly used French verbs, but they’re infinitely useful in creating French’s compound verb tenses.įor starters, on their own, the verb être means “to be” and the verb avoir means “to have.” These two verbs are used in this simple sense to say things like je suis professeur (I am a teacher) or elle a une tasse (she has a cup). Avoir Être and Avoir: The 2 Most Important Verbs in French (Download) And… Fight! The Ultimate Guide to Être vs.

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The true battle is learning when one is used over the other, and what specific rules govern their actions.Īnd that’s what we’re going to cover in this post.ĭownload: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that youĬan take anywhere. If anything, they’re teammates who take turns, tagging the other in from time to time. Être and avoir may engage in some friendly sparring from time to time, but they’re not enemies. However, it doesn’t take long to find out that this battle, while real in its own right, is all in the learner’s head. Avoir: A Complete Breakdown of 2 French SuperverbsĪn ongoing battle of wills between French verbs être (to be) and avoir (to have). Avoir: A Complete Breakdown of 2 French Superverbsīy Michael Cristiano Être vs. Try FluentU for Free Home » French Vocab and Grammar » Être vs.